80418
OAG Painting
PRACTICAL ENGLISH
Lesson two: Painting and painting techniques
(materials, the visual elements, types, processes)
Vocabulary:
To paint, painting (easel, wall/mural, cabinet, miniature), paint[thick/fat(oil), thin, lean(oil)], underlay, underpainting, coloured ground, open the picture up, overpaint, layout(composition),spread out, build up, glazing, washes, wet-in-wet, transparent, soft of jagged edges, merge, brushwork (linear, tight, loose), brushstroke, brush mark, dry brush, opaque medium, texture paste, alla prima (at first), thinned paint, diluting, layer, cracking, tone, highlight, decorating, effect, contrast, hue, saturation(purity or intensity), pigment, splashing, dribbling
The visual elements: (see drawing), colour [primary (red, yellow, blue), secondary(Violet/purple, green, orange) tertiary(lime green, yellow-orange(amber) orange-red, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green) complementary(opposite), analogous or harmonious, warm, cool, advancing, receding], stain
Techniques:
- Fluid media/transparent:(water colours, drawing inks)
- Oil-based media(opaque):(oil paint)
- Acrylic(opaque)
- Tempera(opaque)
- Gouache (semi-opaque)
Materials: canvas, gesso, panel(wooden), wall(plaster), paper, board (wood, hardboard), watercolours, tempera, Gouache, oil paints, turpentine, linseed oil, acrylic, paintbrush(flat, round), palette, powder paints, masking tape, palette knife
Processes:
- Fluid media- Water colours
When the colour is moistened with water a transparent stain is obtained which is then applied in washes to white or tinted paper. The paper can be stretched beforehand. The classical English method is to use the white paper as the highest light and to apply transparent washes one over another to obtained gradations of colour and of tone. As watercolours are transparent, must be worked from light to dark.
Watercolour effects: • washes [basis of all watercolour work].
• wet-in-wet [colours are dropped onto still wet washes, spread out and dry with soft or jagged edges].
•masked highlights [using masking fluid or tape we isolate highlights].
- Oil based media-oil paints :
The technique consists of covering a slightly absorbent surface [usually primed canvas] with one or more layers of paint.
Oil paint is basically and opaque medium [covers well] but it can be used as a transparent one [glazing]. When we use very thin layers of paint we call it glazing and on the other hand if we apply paint thickly we call it impasto. To apply paint thickly we can use palette knife instead of paintbrush.
To thin the paint is mostly used turpentine and linseed oil. Oil paint with a high percentage of oil or which is used straight from the tube is described as fat while paint thinned with turpentine is lean.
Before establishing composition is very useful to prime the canvas with a layer of mind tone colour (ground) as it helps with building up process [white canvas is deceptive (colours look different)].
Normally we start underpainting by using midtones followed by darker tones, then lighter tones and highlights at last.
Once the painting is completed and properly dried out it is essential to warmish the canvas surface in order to unite (sheen and matt) and preserve the painting.